Sine-wave oscillators such as the Wien-bridge, state-variable, or quadrature oscillators, have an inherently undefined amplitude. Ideally, the poles of their feedback loop are on the jω-axis and the ...

Multiplexed LCDs have been used for over 30 years, and the methods for driving them are well-known and remained unchanged for the past 20 years. Advancements in LCD materials and a new understanding ...

I’ve been a Subversion (SVN) user going on 9 years now. It’s been a great solution for source control throughout my career and I’ve implemented it at each stop along the way. It’s easy, reliable, and ...

Last month, this column introduced the concept of an “excessively long” commissioning action list (CAL). Once functional performance testing begins, the CAL (which could also be named a variety of ...